1. Objective
To provide guidance for deploying improved
materials, so that the materials can well perform as per expectation in
plantation compartments.
2. Genetic
Deployment Principles
2.1. It is not possible to directly observe and
control most genes (inheritance factors) affecting plantation productivity. Therefore, it is not appropriate for just
simply picking and fixing the best materials for deployment purpose.
2.2. Consequently,
proper determination of Experimental Model, Analysis of Variance, Variance
Component Analysis and Expected Gain Calculation is mandatory to be used for
the basis of determining improved genetic material for Deployment.
2.3. The
areas under the plantation program are very diverse in geology, soils, terrains
and other landscape attributes which have equally diverse opportunities and
constrains for plantation productivity.
Therefore, proper stage of evaluation through gradual increase in size
of testing area, is mandatory to anticipate possible differences in
productivity in such diverse range of sites.
2.4. “C”
Effect Variance, i.e. Non Genetic Variance imposed by Physiological Maturity or
Propagation Method can give great impact on reducing potential productivity of
genetic materials. Hence, clear statement of propagule type used during the
various stage of testing is mandatory to facilitate assessment on possible occurrence
of the “C” Effect variance.
3.
Procedure for Deploying Improved Genetic
Materials
Each
improved genetic material shall go through four stages of testing (see point
3.1. below) followed by proper genetic analysis (point 3.2. below), prior to
deployment for commercial plantation.
3.1. Testing Stage
Four
testing stages that shall be made for improved genetic material include: Basic
Test, Intermediate Test, Pre-Commercial Test and Commercial Test. The main
difference between these tests is size of total plot area, being the smallest total
plot area is Basic Test with minimum total plot area of 0.1 hectare, and the
largest plot area is Commercial Test with minimum total plot area of 90 hectare
(see Table 1 below)
Results
of the four testing stage shall be summarized in Table 1 as shown below:
Table
1. Results of Basic, Intermediate,
Pre-Commercial, and Commercial Tests of improved genetic materials for Deployment.
Deploment ID:
|
………………..
|
||||||||
Type of Test
|
Type of Propagule
Used
|
Plot Size (tree)
|
Spacing (m)
|
Area/ Plot (ha)
|
No of Replicate
|
No of Site
|
Total Plot Area
(ha)
|
Age of Assessment
(year)
|
Expected Gain
|
Basic
|
10
|
3 x 2
|
0.01
|
8
|
2
|
0.10
|
3
|
||
Intermediate
|
49
|
3 x 2
|
0.03
|
5
|
2
|
0.29
|
3
|
||
Pre-Commercial
|
1,667
|
3 x 2
|
1
|
3
|
3
|
9
|
3
|
||
Commercial
|
16,667
|
3 x 2
|
10
|
3
|
3
|
90
|
3
|
The
summary of the above Table shall be accompanied with Genetic Analysis Results
(see point 3.2 below)
3.2. Genetic Analysis
Genetic
analysis comprises Determination of Experimental Model, Analysis of Variance,
Variance Component Analysis, Heritability and Expected Gain Calculation, with
an example of general guidance is briefly shown below:
3.2.1. Experimental Model
Experimental
Model for Multi Observation Data (Multi Observation Data : when a single
character from the same replication is measured more than once):
Yijk
= m
+ Ri + Fj+ RFij + dijk
Yijk
|
:
|
Data Values (data values from each measurement)
|
m
|
:
|
Overall Mean (Base Line)
|
Ri
|
:
|
Effects of Replication
|
Fj
|
:
|
Effects of Families
|
RFij
|
:
|
Interaction between Replications and Families
|
dijk
|
:
|
Trees within Plot
|
3.2.2. Estimation
of Terms in Experimental Model
µ
|
:
|
Y...
|
Ri
|
:
|
Yi.. - µ
|
Fj
|
:
|
Y.j. - µ
|
RFij
|
:
|
Yij. -
µ - Ri - Fj
|
dijk
|
:
|
Yijk -
µ - Ri - Fj - RFij
|
3.2.3.
Analysis of Variance
3.2.4. Variance
Component Analysis
|
|||||||||
 |
|||||||||
b. Families
|
|||||||||
 |
|||||||||
c. Phenotypic Variance
 |
|||||||||
3.2.5. Heritability
 |
|||||
3.2.6. Individual Tree Heritability
3.2.7. Family Heritability
3.2.7. Gain
 |
|||||
